Recent Publications

A publication with Jairo Sinova on the role of magnetic dipolar interactions in skyrmion lattices has been publised in Newton.

Magnetic skyrmions are topological two-dimensional (2D) spin textures that can be stabilized at room temperature and low magnetic fields in magnetic multilayer stacks. Besides their envisioned applications in data storage and processing, these 2D quasiparticles constitute an ideal model system to study 2D particle properties. More precisely, the role of inter-particle dipolar interactions in 2D ensembles can be fully captured in skyrmion lattices. We engineer a multilayer stack hosting skyrmion lattices and increase the relevance of the dipolar coupling by increasing the number of repetitions n from to . To ascertain the impact on the spin structure, we carry out a series of imaging experiments and find a drastic change of the skyrmion size. We develop an analytical description for the skyrmion radius in the whole multilayer regime, from thin to thick film limits, identifying the key impact of the nucleation process leading to the skyrmion lattice. Our work provides a detailed understanding of the skyrmion-skyrmion interaction, clarifying the role of dipolar interactions as the multilayer stack is expanded in the z direction.

A publication with Jairo Sinova and Olena Gomonay on Curvature-Induced Magnetization of Altermagnetic Films has been publised in Physical Review Letters.

The altermagnetic nature of a large class of magnetically ordered materials is the source of a wide range of new effects. Here, we show that the merging of two areas, namely the altermagnetism and the physics of curvilinear low-dimensional magnets gives rise to a distinct novel physical effect: a curvature-induced magnetization in bend altermagnetic films. This effect opens a promising possibility for imaging of the domain structure in the magnetically compensated structures. We consider a thin film of a -wave altermagnet bent in a stretching-free manner and demonstrate that gradients of the film curvature induce a local magnetization that is approximately tangential to the film. The magnetization amplitude directly reflects the altermagnetic symmetry and depends on the direction of bending. It is maximal for the bending along directions of the maximal altermagnetic splitting of the magnon bands. A periodically bent film of sinusoidal shape possesses a total magnetic moment per period ∝2⁢4, where and are the bending amplitude and wave vector, respectively. The total magnetic moment is perpendicular to the plane of the unbent film and its direction (up or down) is determined by the bending direction. A film roll-up to a nanotube possesses a toroidal moment directed along the tube ∝/2 per one coil, where and are the coil radius and the pitch between coils. All these analytical predictions agree with numerical spin-lattice simulations.

A publication with Ricardo Zarzuela, Rodrigo Jaeschke-Ubiergo, Olena Gomonay, Libor Šmejkal and Jairo Sinova on the transport theory and spin-transfer physics in -wave altermagnets has been publised in Physical Review B.

We develop a mesoscale transport theory for the charge and spin degrees of freedom of itinerant carriers in a -wave altermagnet. Our effective Lagrangian description is built on the slave-boson formulation of the microscopic − model. We obtain a spin-polarized diffusive contribution to the effective Hamiltonian, which has no counterpart in conventional antiferromagnetism and is parametrized by the spin splitting, responsible for the so-called spin-splitter effect in -wave altermagnets. We also elucidate the spin-transfer response of the itinerant fluid as well as the spin pumping into the altermagnet, which exhibit previously unidentified combinations of the charge current and spatial partial derivatives (namely, {,} and {,}). The emergent spin-transfer physics in -wave altermagnets opens up promising perspectives for the dynamics of spin textures, such as the domain-wall motion driven by transverse charge currents. Additionally, we consider the effect of elastic distortions on the aforementioned transport properties.

A publication with Jairo Sinova, Libor Šmejkal and Olena Gomonay on altermagnetic variants in thin films of M⁢n5⁢S⁢i3 has been publised in Physical Review B.

The altermagnet candidate M⁢n5⁢S⁢i3 has attracted wide attention in the context of nonrelativistic spin physics, due to its composition of light elements. In this study, we demonstrate a hallmark of altermagnetism in M⁢n5⁢S⁢i3 thin films, namely the three options, or variants, for the checkerboard distribution of the magnetic Mn atoms. The magnetic symmetries were altered by field-rotation of the Néel vector along relevant crystal directions, resulting in anomalous Hall effect anisotropy. The experimental results in nanoscale devices were corroborated by a theoretical model involving atomic site dependent anisotropy and bulk Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction for a single variant. These findings elevate M⁢n5⁢S⁢i3 from a candidate to a proven altermagnet.

A publication with Olena Gomonay, VK Bharadwaj and Tobias Wagner on antiferromagnetic vortex states in NiO-Fe nanostructures has been publised in Advanced Materials Interfaces.

Magnetic vortices are topological spin structures frequently found in ferromagnets, yet novel to antiferromagnets. By combining experiment and theory, it is demonstrated that in a nanostructured antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic NiO(111)-Fe(110) bilayer, a magnetic vortex is naturally stabilized by magnetostatic interactions in the ferromagnet and is imprinted onto the adjacent antiferromagnet via interface exchange coupling. Micromagnetic simulations are used to construct a corresponding phase diagram of the stability of the imprinted antiferromagnetic vortex state. The in-depth analysis reveals that the interplay between interface exchange coupling and the antiferromagnet magnetic anisotropy plays a crucial role in locally reorienting the Néel vector out-of-plane in the prototypical in-plane antiferromagnet NiO and thereby stabilizing the vortices in the antiferromagnet.

A publication with Jairo Sinova and Libor Šmejkal on spin and orbital magnetism by light in rutile altermagnets has been published in npj Spintronics.

While the understanding of altermagnetism is still at a very early stage, it is expected to play a role in various fields of condensed matter research, for example spintronics, caloritronics and superconductivity. In the field of optical magnetism, it is still unclear to which extent altermagnets as a class can exhibit a distinct behavior. Here we choose RuO2, a prototype metallic altermagnet with a giant spin splitting, and CoF2, an experimentally known insulating altermagnet, to study the light-induced magnetism in rutile altermagnets from first-principles. We demonstrate that in the non-relativisic limit the allowed sublattice-resolved orbital response exhibits symmetries, imposed by altermagnetism, which lead to a drastic canting of light-induced moments. On the other hand, we find that inclusion of spin-orbit interaction enhances the overall effect drastically, introduces a significant anisotropy with respect to the light polarization and strongly suppresses the canting of induced moments. Remarkably, we observe that the moments induced by linearly-polarized laser pulses in light altermagnets can even exceed in magnitude those predicted for heavy ferromagnets exposed to circularly polarized light. By resorting to microscopic tools we interpret our results in terms of the altermagnetic spin splittings and of their reciprocal space distribution. Based on our findings, we speculate that optical excitations may provide a unique tool to switch and probe the magnetic state of rutile altermagnets.

A publication with Jairo Sinova, Libor Šmejkal, Warrley Campos and Anna Hellenes on the Anomalous Nernst effect in the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn5Si3 has been published in communications materials.

Investigating the off-diagonal components of the conductivity and thermoelectric tensor of materials hosting complex antiferromagnetic structures has become a viable method to reveal the effects of topology and chirality on the electronic transport in these systems. In this respect, Mn5Si3 is an interesting metallic compound that exhibits several antiferromagnetic phases below 100 K with different collinear and noncollinear arrangements of Mn magnetic moments determined from neutron scattering. Previous electronic transport measurements have shown that the transitions between the various phases give rise to large changes of the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we report measurements of the anomalous Nernst effect of Mn5Si3 single crystals that also show clear transitions between the different magnetic phases. In the noncollinear phase, we observe an unusual sign change of the zero-field Nernst signal with a concomitant decrease of the Hall signal and a gradual reduction of the remanent magnetization. Furthermore, a symmetry analysis of the proposed magnetic structures shows that both effects should actually vanish. These results indicate a symmetry-breaking modification of the magnetic state with a rearrangement of the magnetic moments at low temperatures, thus questioning the previously reported models for the noncollinear magnetic structure obtained from neutron scattering.

A publication with Jairo Sinova, Libor Šmejkal, Helen Gomonay and Rodrigo Jaeschke on the structure, control, and dynamics of altermagnetic textures has been published in npj Spintronics.

They present a phenomenological theory of altermagnets, that captures their unique magnetization dynamics and allows modeling magnetic textures in this new magnetic phase. Focusing on the prototypical d-wave altermagnets, e.g., RuO2, they can explain intuitively the characteristic lifted degeneracy of their magnon spectra, by the emergence of an effective sublattice-dependent anisotropic spin stiffness arising naturally from the phenomenological theory. They show that as a consequence the altermagnetic domain walls, in contrast to antiferromagnets, have a finite gradient of the magnetization, with its strength and gradient direction connected to the altermagnetic anisotropy, even for 180° domain walls. This gradient generates a ponderomotive force in the domain wall in the presence of a strongly inhomogeneous external magnetic field, which may be achieved through magnetic force microscopy techniques. The motion of these altermagentic domain walls is also characterized by an anisotropic Walker breakdown, with much higher speed limits of propagation than ferromagnets but lower than antiferromagnets.

A publication with Jairo Sinova, Libor Šmejkal and Helen Gomonay on the anisotropy of the anomalous Hall effect in thin films of the altermagnet candidate Mn5Si3 has been published in Physical Review B.

Altermagnets are compensated magnets belonging to spin symmetry groups that allow alternating spin polarizations both in the coordinate space of the crystal and in the momentum space of the electronic structure. In these materials the anisotropic local crystal environment of the different sublattices lowers the symmetry of the system so that the opposite-spin sublattices are connected only by rotations. This results in an unconventional spin-polarized band structure in the momentum space. This low symmetry of the crystal structure is expected to be reflected in the anisotropy of the anomalous Hall effect. In this work, they study the anisotropy of the anomalous Hall effect in epitaxial thin films of Mn5⁢Si3, an altermagnetic candidate material. They first demonstrate a change in the relative Néel vector orientation when rotating the external field orientation through systematic changes in both the anomalous Hall effect and the anisotropic longitudinal magnetoresistance. They then show that the anomalous Hall effect in this material is anisotropic with the Néel vector orientation relative to the crystal structure and that this anisotropy requires high crystal quality and unlikely stems from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Their results thus provide further systematic support to the case for considering epitaxial thin films of Mn5⁢Si3 as an altermagnetic candidate material.

A publication with Helen Gomonay and Tobias Wagner revealing ultrafast domain wall motion in Mn2⁢Au through permalloy capping has been published in Physical Review B.

Antiferromagnets offer much faster dynamics compared to their ferromagnetic counterparts but their order parameter is extremely difficult to detect and control. So far, controlling the Néel order parameter electrically is limited to only very few materials where Néel spin-orbit torques are allowed by symmetry. In this work, they show that coupling a thin ferromagnet (permalloy) layer on top of an antiferromagnet (Mn2⁢Au) solves a major roadblock—the controlled reading, writing, and manipulation of antiferromagnetic domains. They confirm by atomistic spin dynamics simulations that the domain wall patterns in the Mn2⁢Au are imprinted on the permalloy, therefore allowing for indirect imaging of the Néel order parameter. Their simulations show that the coupled domain wall structures in Mn2⁢Au-Py bilayers can be manipulated by either acting on the Néel order parameter via Néel spin-orbit torques or by acting on the magnetization (the ferromagnetic order parameter) via magnetic fields. In both cases, they predict ultrahigh domain wall speeds on the order of 8.5 km/s. Thus, employing a thin ferromagnetic layer has the potential to easily control the Néel order parameter in antiferromagnets even where Néel spin-orbit torques are forbidden by symmetry. The controlled manipulation of the antiferromagnetic order parameter provides a promising basis for the development of high-density storage and efficient computing technologies working in the THz regime.